Morbilidad de las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas durante el aislamiento social en la pandemia COVID-19 / Osteoporotic vertebral fractures morbidity during social isolation on COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 afectó negativamente los sistemas de salud. Las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas y el aislamiento social se relacionan con mayor morbimortalidad. Objetivos: caracterizar la morbilidad de las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas y evaluar una posible relación entre morbilidad y nivel de aislamiento social se-cundario al estado de pandemia. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Resultados: se incluyeron en el estudio 45 adultos. La fractura fue mayorita-riamente lumbar con una evolución superior de 3 meses. El 35% presentaba seguimiento, el 48% había recibido tratamiento para osteoporosis y el 48% presentaba fracturas previas documentadas. El 46% refirió falta de accesibilidad al sistema. Se evaluó el aisla-miento social con la escala sociofamiliar de Gijón, que evidenció una situación buena en el 75% y un deterioro social intermedio/severo en el 24%. El Índice de Oswestry mostró una discapacidad mínima/moderada en el 66% y severa o mayor en el 33%. Se evaluó el dolor por la Escala análoga visual (VAS) y se obtuvo un VAS mayor de 5 en el 57%. Al comparar el grupo de situación sociofamiliar buena con el de deterioro social intermedio/severo se observó una diferencia en multipli-cidad de fracturas (p 0,030), hipovitaminosis D (p 0,045) y falta de accesibilidad (p 0,029). En discapacidad y dolor no hubo diferencias. Conclusión: el grupo con mayor aislamiento presentó una enfermedad más severa en términos de multiplicidad de fracturas e hipovitaminosis D; esto podría indicar una asociación entre aislamiento social secundario al estado de pandemia y morbilidad por las fracturas vertebrales. (AU)

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on healthcare systems. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures and social isolation have a significant morbidity in our setting. Objectives: to characterize the morbidity of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and evaluate a potential relationship between morbidity and the level of social isolation secondary to the pandemic. Material and methods: observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. Results: forty-five adults were included. Fractures were mostly lumbar with a history of over 3 months. Thirty-five percent (35%) had been followed-up, 48% had been treated for osteoporosis and 48% had previous documented fractures. Forty-six percent (46%) reported lack of accessibility to healthcare. Social isolation was measured using Gijón ́s social-familial evaluation scale, which showed a good situation in 75% of cases and an intermediate/severe social deterioration in 24%. According to the Oswestry index, disability was minimal/moderate in 66% of cases and severe or worse in 33%. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), with a score greater than 5 recorded in 57% of patients. When comparing the group with a good social-familial situation vs. the group with intermediate/severe social deterioration, differences were found in multiplicity of fractures (p 0.030), hypovitaminosis D (p 0.045) and lack of accessibility (p 0.029). No differences were found in disability and pain. Conclusion: the group with higher levels of isolation exhibited more severe disease in terms of multiplicity of fractures and hypovitaminosis D, which might suggest an association between social isolation secondary to the pandemic and morbidity due to vertebral fractures. (AU)

Baseline characteristics of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with teriparatide in a real-world setting in Latin America: a subregional analysis from the Asia and Latin America Fracture Observational Study (ALAFOS)

Abstract Background: Osteoporosis is a major healthcare concern in Latin America. Factors such as changing demographics, fragmented healthcare systems, and financial considerations may result in a huge increase in the burden of osteoporosis in this region. The aim of this article is to describe the baseline clinical characteristics and fracture history of patients who are prescribed teriparatide in normal clinical practice in Latin America. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multinational, observational study (the Asia and Latin America Fracture Observational Study [ALAFOS]) in 20 countries worldwide to assess the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis receiving teriparatide as a part of routine clinical practice in a real-world setting. In this subregional analysis of the ALAFOS study, we report the clinical characteristics, fracture history, risk factors for osteoporosis, comorbidities, previous osteoporosis therapies and health-related quality of life measures at baseline for patients from the four participant Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Results: The Latin America subregional cohort included 546 postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age: 71.0 [10.1] years; range: 40-94 years), constituting 18% of the ALAFOS total population. The baseline mean (SD) bone mineral density T-scores were - 3.02 (1.23) at the lumbar spine and - 2.31 (0.96) at the femoral neck; 62.8% of patients had a history of low trauma fracture after the age of 40 years and 39.7% of patients had experienced ≥1 fall in the past year. Osteoporosis medications were used by 70.9% of patients before initiating teriparatide. The median (Q1, Q3) EQ-5D-5 L Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for perceived health status at baseline was 70 (50, 80). The mean (SD) worst back pain numeric rating scale score for the overall Latin American cohort was 4.3 (3.4) at baseline. Conclusions: This baseline analysis of the Latin America subregion of the ALAFOS study indicates that patients who are prescribed teriparatide in the four participant countries had severe osteoporosis and high prevalence of fractures. They also had back pain and poor health-related quality of life. The proportions of patients with severe or extreme problems on the EQ-5D-5 L individual domains were lower than those in the overall ALAFOS study population.

Las diferencias antropométricas entre sexos de la columna lumbar, medidas por dxa, no afectan a todas las vértebras en forma uniforme: probable implicancia en la incidencia de fracturas / Gender anthropometric differences of the lumbar spine, measured by dxa, do not involve all vertebrae uniformly: probable implication in the incidence of fractures

Las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas son más frecuentes en la mujer. El segmento toracolumbar es el preferentemente comprometido, en especial las vértebras D11 a L2, mientras que L4 contribuye en una proporción mínima a este evento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar si el menor tamaño de las vértebras lumbares en las mujeres con respecto a los varones, involucra a todas las vértebras por igual o solamente a las que con más frecuencia se fracturan. Se analizaron en forma aleatoria las densitometrías óseas (DXA) de la región lumbar de 48 mujeres y 45 varones adultos. Se consideró el ancho del segmento L1-L2 (S L1-L2) y de L4 como un subrogado del área de sus cuerpos vertebrales. Resultados: ancho S L1-L2 Hombres: 4,32 ± 0,33 cm; Mujeres: 3,78 ± 0,23 cm, p < 0,001. Ancho L4 Hombres: 5 ± 0,37 cm; Mujeres: 4,66 ± 0,38 cm, p < 0,001. Diferencia de L4 menos S L1-L2: Hombres: 0,69 ± 0,25 cm, Mujeres: 0,88 ± 0,27 cm p < 0,001. Ancho relativo (S L1-L2/L4): Hombres: 0,86 ± 0,04, Mujeres 0,81 ± 0,04 p <0,001. Conclusiones: en el presente estudio observamos, en consonancia con lo ya conocido, que las mujeres tienen en promedio vértebras más pequeñas que los hombres. La diferencia de tamaño no es uniforme en las vértebras lumbares, siendo el segmento L1-L2 particularmente menor comparado con L4. Estas diferencias estructurales entre mujeres y hombres deben ser consideradas para explicar, dentro del contexto multifactorial de las fracturas vertebrales, la mayor incidencia de éstas en el sexo femenino, en particular de L1 y L2. (AU)

Vertebral fractures occur most frequently in thoracolumbar region, especially D11- L2, while L4 contributes minimally to this event. That cannot be explained by differences in loading during daily activities or bone quality between vertebrae. Differences exist in vertebral size. The aim of the study was to evaluate in female lumbar spines if vertebrae which most frequently fracture are smaller than L4. We analyzed BMD (DXA) of 48 women (W) and 45 men (M). The width of the segment L1-L2 (S L1-L2) and of L4 was considered a surrogate of vertebral bodies Results: Width S L1-L2: Men: 4,32 ± 0,33 cm; Women: 3,78 ± 0,23 cm, p < 0,001. Width L4: Men: 5 ± 0.37; Women: 4,66 ± 0,38 cm, p < 0,001. Difference between L4 and S L1-L2: Men: 0,69 ± 0,25cm, Women: 0,88 ± 0,27 cm p < 0,001. Relative width (S L1-L2/L4) Men: 0,86 ± 0,04 Women: 0,81 ± 0,04 p <0,001. Conclusions: the study shows, as already known, that women have smaller vertebrae than men. The differences are not uniform in the lumbar spine, L1 and L2 being particularly smaller compared to L4. These structural differences between women and men should be considered to explain, within the multifactorial context of vertebral fractures, the greater incidence in female, particularly L1 and L2. (AU)

Multiple vertebral fractures at the "dr. manuel dufoo" spine clinic / Fraturas vertebrais múltiplas na clínica de coluna "dr. manuel dufoo" / Fracturas vertebrales múltiples en la clínica de columna "dr. manuel dufoo"

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the frequency of presentation of multiple vertebral fractures and evaluate the relationship between the postsurgical condition and the initial neurological lesion, as well as to report the associated injuries in this group of patients. Methods: We conducted a review of patients with spinal trauma and a diagnosis of multiple vertebral fractures who were admitted to the "Dr. Manuel Dufoo Olvera" Spine Clinic of the Secretary of Health of Mexico City from January 1,2014 to June 30, 2017. The multiple fractures were classified as either contiguous or non-contiguous, according to the number of vertebral bodies and levels affected. The statistical analysis was conducted using formulas of descriptive statistics and the information was then tabulated and graphed to assess the relationship between the anatomical classification and the degree of neurological injury. Results: We observed 530 patients, of whom 47 met the criteria. Thirty-one (65.95%) of the cases corresponded to contiguous fractures and 16 cases (34.05%) to non-contiguous fractures. Fourteen patients (29.78%) with neurological integrity were classified as ASIA D, 20 patients (42.58%) with complete lesion as ASIA A, 7 seven patients (14.89%) as ASIA B, and 6 patients (12.76%) with partial injury as ASIA C. Conclusions: The correlation between the classification of vertebral injuries and the presence of neurological lesion did not show significant differences between contiguous and non-contiguous fractures. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective.

RESUMO Objetivos: Estabelecer a frequência de apresentação de múltiplas fraturas vertebrais e avaliar a relação de sua condição pós-cirúrgica e a lesão neurológica inicial, bem como relatar as lesões associadas neste grupo de pacientes. Métodos: Uma revisão dos casos com traumatismo espinhal e diagnóstico de fratura vertebral múltipla, que entraram no Spine Clinic " Dr Manuel Dufoo Olvera " Secretário da Cidade do México saúde da coluna vertebral, durante o período de 1 de janeiro de 2014 a 30 de Junho de 2017. A classificação divide fraturas múltiplas como contíguas e não contíguas, seguido pelo número de pessoas afetadas e os corpos de nível. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando fórmulas statística descritivas, então tabuladas e as informações representadas graficamente. Para avaliar a relação entre a classificação anatômica e do grau de lesão neurológica. Resultados: 530 Pacientes foram observados, dos quais 47 apresentaram os critérios necessários. 31 pacientes (65,95%) do estudo foram classificados com fraturas adjacentes contíguas e 16 casos (34,05%) como não contíguas. 14 doentes (29,78%) foram classificados com integridade neurológica ÁSIA D, 20 doentes (42,58%) apresentaram lesão completa ÁSIA A, sete doentes (14,89%) na ASIA B e seis doentes. (12,76%) com lesão incompleta ÁSIA C. Conclusão: A correlação entre a classificação das lesões da coluna vertebral e a presença de lesão neurológica não mostraram diferenças significativas entre fraturas adjacentes e não adjacentes. Nível de Evidência II; Restrospectivo.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la frecuencia de presentación de las fracturas vertebrales múltiples y evaluar la relación de su condición postquirúrgica y la lesión neurológica inicial, así como relatar las lesiones asociadas en este grupo de pacientes. Métodos: Se realiza una revisión de los casos con traumatismo raquimedular y diagnóstico de fractura vertebral múltiple que ingresaron a la Clínica de Columna "Dr. Manuel Dufoo Olvera" de la Secretaría de Salud de Ciudad de México del 1° de enero de 2014 al 30 de junio del 2017. La clasificación divide las fracturas múltiples como contiguas y no contiguas, acorde al número de cuerpos afectados y el nivel.. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando fórmulas de estadística descriptiva, para después tabular y graficar la información, para evaluar la relación entre la clasificación anatómica y el grado de lesión neurológica. Resultados: Fueron observados 530 pacientes, de los cuales 47 presentaron los criterios necesarios. Treinta y un pacientes (65,95%) del estudio fueron clasificados con fracturas contiguas y 16 casos (34,05%) con no contiguas. Catorce pacientes (29,78%) fueron clasificados con integridad neurológica ASIA D, 20 pacientes (42,58%) presentaron lesión completa ASIA A, siete pacientes (14,89%) en ASIA B y seis pacientes (12,76%) con lesión incompleta ASIA C. Conclusiones: La correlación entre la clasificación de lesión de columna vertebral y la presencia de lesión neurológica no mostró diferencias significativas entre fracturas contiguas y no contiguas. Nivel de Evidencia II; Retrospectivo.

Fracturas vertebrales en niños con osteogénesis imperfecta tipo I / Vertebral fractures in children with Type I Osteogenesis imperfecta

La Osteogénesis imperfecta (OI) es una enfermedad hereditaria del tejido conectivo, que se caracteriza principalmente por fragilidad ósea, deformidad y alteración del crecimiento. La OI tipo I (OI tipo I) es la más frecuente, leve y clínicamente homogénea. Su mayor complicación es la presencia de fracturas vertebrales, asociadas a morbilidad esquelética y cardiopulmonar. Objetivo: Caracterizar clinicamente una cohorte de niños con OI tipo I. Pacientes y Método: Se examinó una cohorte histórica de pacientes menores de 20 años mediante la revisión de fichas clínicas, rescatando las características demográficas, clínicas, bioquímicas y radiológicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 67 pacientes, 55% varones, 69% de la Región Metropolitana. La edad media de diagnóstico fue de 2,9 años, el 70% de los pacientes presentó fracturas vertebrales de predominio torácico, y el 50% lo hizo antes de los 5 años. Un 15% presentó fracturas al momento del diagnóstico, siendo en ellos el diagnóstico de OI tipo I cerca de los 5 años. Los parámetros metabólicos óseos estuvieron en rangos adecuados durante el seguimiento, sin cambios significativos al diagnóstico de las fracturas vertebrales, excepto una disminución de la ingesta recomendada de calcio. Conclusiones: En este estudio, la OI tipo I presenta un diagnóstico precoz, principalmente en preescolares, y se asocia a alta frecuencia de fracturas vertebrales. La disminución en la ingesta de calcio demostrada al momento de la primera fractura requiere especial atención en estos pacientes.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an hereditary disease affecting conective tissue, mainly associated to growth retardation and pathological fractures. OI type I (OI type I), is the mildest, most often, and homogeneous in its fenotype. Vertebral fractures are the most significant complications, associated to skeletical and cardiopulmonary morbidity. Objectives: To characterize clinically a cohort of children with OI type I. Patients and Methods: A cohort of OI type I children younger than 20 year old was evaluated. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and radiological data were registered. Results: Sixty seven patients were included, 55% male, 69% resident in the Metropolitan Region. The mean age of diagnose was 2.9 years, 70% presented vertebral fractures on follow-up, mostly thoracic, and 50% before the age of 5 years. Fifty percentage presented vertebral fractures at diagnose, which was about the age of 5 years. Bone metabolic parameters were in the normal range, without significant change at the moment of vertebral fractures. Calcium intake was found to be below American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations at the time of the first fracture. Conclusions: In this study OI type I has an early diagnose, and vertebral fractures show a high incidence, mostly in toddlers. Calcium intake was found to be below reccomended values, and should be closely supervised in these patients.

Risk of Vertebral Fracture in Patients Diagnosed with a Depressive Disorder: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have reported that depression may play a crucial role in the occurrence of vertebral fractures. However, a clear correlation between depressive disorders and osteoporotic fractures has not been established. We explored the association between depressive disorders and subsequent new-onset vertebral fractures. Additionally, we aimed to identify the potential risk factors for vertebral fracture in patients with a depressive disorder. METHODS: We studied patients listed in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database who were diagnosed with a depressive disorder by a psychiatrist. The comparison cohort consisted of age- and sex-matched patients without a depressive disorder. The incidence rate and hazard ratios of subsequent vertebral fracture were evaluated. We used Cox regression analysis to evaluate the risk of vertebral fracture among patients with a depressive disorder. RESULTS: The total number of patients with and without a depressive disorder was 44,812. The incidence risk ratio (IRR) between these 2 cohorts indicated that depressive disorder patients had a higher risk of developing a subsequent vertebral fracture (IRR=1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.26-1.57, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the depressive disorder cohort showed a higher risk of vertebral fracture than the comparison cohort (adjusted hazard ratio=1.24, 95% CI=1.11-1.38, p<0.001). Being older than 50 years, having a lower monthly income, and having hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, or osteoporosis were considered predictive factors for vertebral fracture in patients with depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive disorders may increase the risk of a subsequent new-onset vertebral fracture.

Analysis of 111 patients with cervical spine fractures in a tertiary hospital / Análise de 111 pacientes com fraturas da coluna cervical em um hospital de atendimento terciário / Análisis de 111 pacientes con fracturas de columna cervical en un hospital de tercer nivel

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the epidemiology of 111 patients to determine the age group affected, the level of fracture, fracture classification, and type of treatment. Methods: Descriptive study of 111 cases of cervical spine fracture treated at the Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopedics Lomas Verdes - IMSS from March 2009 to October 2014. Results: The condition appeared in 88% of men. The age range was 16-81 years, with an average of 40 years. The most common fracture according to the AO classification was type A (57%). The segments most affected were C5-C6, C6-C7, C6 and C4-C5 (24.32%, 17.1%, 9.9% and 8.1%). Neurological involvement occurred in 46.8%. The most common mechanism of injury was high energy. Surgical treatment was performed in 78.4% of patients, being one-level corpectomy with placement of mesh and plate, and posterior fixation with facet screws the most appropriate procedures (31.5% and 27.9%, respectively). Conclusions: Males were the most affected, the highest incidence was in C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels and the surgical procedure was the most used.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia de 111 pacientes para determinar a faixa etária acometida, o nível da fratura, a classificação e o tipo de tratamento. Método: Estudo descritivo de 111 casos de fratura da coluna cervical tratados no Hospital de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Lomas Verdes - IMSS, de março de 2009 a outubro de 2014. Resultados: A patologia apresentou-se em 88% dos homens. A faixa etária foi de 16 a 81 anos, com média de 40 anos. A fratura mais frequente de acordo com a classificação AO foi o tipo A (57%). Os segmentos mais afetados foram C5-C6, C6-C7, C6 e C4-C5 (24,32%, 17,1%, 9,9% e 8,1%). Verificou-se comprometimento neurológico em 46,8%. O mecanismo mais comum de lesão foi o de alta energia. O tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado em 78,4% dos pacientes, sendo a corpectomia de um nível com colocação de malha e placa e a fixação posterior com parafusos facetários os procedimentos mais indicados (31,5% e 27,9%, respectivamente). Conclusões: O sexo masculino foi o mais afetado, a maior incidência foi nos níveis C5-C6 e C6-C7 e o procedimento cirúrgico foi o mais utilizado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de 111 pacientes para determinar el grupo de edad afectado, el nivel de la fractura, su clasificación y tipo de tratamiento. Método: Estudio descriptivo de 111 casos de fractura de columna cervical tratados en el Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia Lomas Verdes - IMSS, de marzo de 2009 a octubre de 2014. Resultados: La patología se encontró en el 88% de los hombres. El rango de edad fue de 16 a 81 años, siendo el promedio 40 años. Las fracturas más frecuentes según la clasificación AO fueron el tipo A (57%). Los segmentos más afectados fueron C5-C6, C6-C7, C6 y C4-C5 (24,32%, 17,1%, 9,9% y 8,1%). El compromiso neurológico se presentó en el 46,8%. El mecanismo de lesión más común fue el de alta energía. El tratamiento quirúrgico se llevó a cabo en 78,4% de los pacientes, siendo la corpectomía de un nivel más colocación de malla y placa además de la fijación posterior con tornillos facetarios los procedimientos más indicados (31,5% y 27,9%, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los hombres fueron los más afectados, la mayor incidencia fue en los niveles C5-C6 y C6-C7 y el procedimiento quirúrgico fue el más utilizado.

Asymptomatic vertebral fractures in patients with low bone mineral density / Fraturas vertebrais assintomáticas em indivíduos com baixa massa óssea

Summary Objective: Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a test technique that can be used to detect asymptomatic vertebral fractures (AVF). It uses dual energy X-ray bsorptiometry (DXA) and can be performed concurrently with bone densitometry. This study aims to assess the prevalence of AVF in patients with low bone mass. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 135 individuals with low bone mineral density (BMD) with a T-score < -2.0 standard deviation (SD) in a densitometry clinic located in the city of Blumenau (state of Santa Catarina). Anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle variables were obtained from history-taking and physical examination. Densitometric variables were obtained by bone mineral densitometry and VFA (Explorer, Hollogic®). Vertebral fractures were classified according to the Genant criteria. Student's t, chi-square and logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis. Results: AVFs occurred in 24.4% of the subjects. They were older compared to those without AVF (65±9.25 versus 60.1±8.66; p=0.005), and had a history of lowimpact fractures (38.24% versus 19.8%; OR 2.5; p=0.03). Half of the patients that reported steroid therapy had AVFs, compared to one fifth of those who did not use steroids (50% versus 21.49%; OR 3.6; p=0.01). Conclusion: Asymptomatic vertebral fractures were present in approximately one fourth of patients. The risk factors associated were history of low-impact fracture, use of steroids and age > 61 years.

Resumo Objetivos: vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) é uma técnica de exame que pode ser aplicada na detecção de fraturas vertebrais assintomáticas (FVA). Utiliza absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA) e pode ser realizada concomitantemente ao exame de densitometria óssea. Este estudo visa a avaliar a prevalência de FVA em indivíduos com baixa massa óssea. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em 135 indivíduos, com baixa densidade mineral óssea (DMO), com T-score < -2,0 desvio padrão (DP), em uma clínica de densitometria de Blumenau (SC). As variáveis antropométricas, clínicas e referentes ao estilo de vida foram obtidas por anamnese e exame clínico; as variáveis densitométricas foram obtidas por DMO e VFA (aparelho modelo Explorer, marca Hollogic®). As fraturas vertebrais foram classificadas de acordo com os critérios de Genant. Os testes estatísticos foram t de student, qui-quadrado e regressão logística. Resultados: FVA ocorreram em 24,4% dos indivíduos. A idade desses indivíduos foi superior à dos indivíduos sem FVA (65±9,25 vs. 60,1±8,66; p=0,005), assim como o antecedente de fratura por baixo impacto (38,24% vs.19,8%; OR 2,5; p=0,03). A metade dos indivíduos que relataram corticoterapia possuíam FVA, contrastando com um quinto dos indivíduos sem corticoterapia (50% vs. 21,49%; OR 3,6; p=0,01). Conclusão: fraturas vertebrais assintomáticas estiveram presentes em aproximadamente um quarto dos pacientes. Os fatores de risco associados foram história de fratura por baixo impacto, corticoterapia e idade > 61 anos.

Epidemiology of spine fractures in motorcycle accident victims / Epidemiologia das fraturas da coluna vertebral em vítimas de acidente motociclístico / Epidemiología de las fracturas vertebrales en las víctimas de accidentes de motocicletas

ABSTRACT. Objective: To analyze the incidence of spinal injuries between 2000-2010 due to motorcycle accidents and the relation to the increase in motorcycle sales in the same period, as well as the anatomical distribution of these spinal injuries. Methods: Data were collected from 1,295 records of patients who have suffered spinal injury resulting from motorcycle accidents admitted to the ward TRM (Spinal Cord Trauma) of the Hospital Geral do Estado da Bahia from 2000 to 2010 in this retrospective study. We selected 110 medical records and collected information on sex, age, neurological deficit on admission (according to Frankel scale), diagnosis, and level of injury. Results: Between 2000 and 2010 there was an increase of almost five times in the incidence of patients who have suffered spinal injury due to motorcycle accidents. More than half (51.4%) had cervical spine injury, 37.2% thoracic spine injury and 11.34% had lumbar spine injury. Only 34.3% of patients had no neurological deficit on admission and patients with thoracic spine fracture had a higher incidence and severity of lesion. The average age of patients was 30 years. Conclusions: The increased incidence of spinal injuries due motorcycle accidents occurred in the same period in which there was an increase in motorcycle sales in the country. Patients who have suffered those injuries were young, with higher incidence in the cervical and thoracic spinal levels and high rates of neurological deficit.

RESUMO. Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de lesões na coluna vertebral entre 2000 e 2010 devido a acidente motociclístico e sua relação com o aumento da venda de motos nesse período, assim como a distribuição anatômica dessas lesões na coluna. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram coletados dados de 1.295 prontuários de pacientes que sofreram lesão da coluna decorrente de acidente motociclístico internados na enfermaria de TRM (Trauma Raquimedular) do Hospital Geral do Estado da Bahia no período de 2000 a 2010. Foram selecionados 110 prontuários e catalogadas as informações com relação ao sexo, idade, déficit neurológico na apresentação (de acordo com a escala de Frankel), diagnóstico e nível da lesão. Resultados: Entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 houve um aumento de quase cinco vezes na incidência de pacientes que sofreram lesão da coluna devido a acidente motociclístico. Mais da metade (51,4%) apresentou lesão na coluna cervical, 37,2% na torácica e 11,4% na lombar. Somente 34,3% dos pacientes não tinham déficit neurológico na admissão e pacientes com fratura da coluna torácica tiveram maior incidência e gravidade de lesão medular. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 30 anos. Conclusões: O aumento da incidência de lesões na coluna devido acidente motociclístico ocorreu no mesmo período em que houve aumento das vendas de motos no país. Os pacientes que sofreram essas lesões eram jovens, com incidência maior nos níveis cervical e torácico e altos índices de déficit neurológico.

RESUMEN. Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de lesiones de la columna entre 2000-2010 debido a los accidentes de motocicleta y su relación con el aumento de las ventas de motocicletas en ese período, y la distribución anatómica de las lesiones de la columna vertebral. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se recogieron datos de 1.295 registros de pacientes que han sufrido lesiones de la columna resultantes de accidentes de motocicleta ingresados en la sala de hospital TRM (Trauma de la Médula Espinal) del Hospital Geral do Estado da Bahia entre 2000 y 2010.Se seleccionaron 110 historiales médicos y se recogió información sobre el sexo, edad, déficit neurológico al ingreso (según la escala de Frankel), el diagnóstico y el nivel de la lesión. Resultados: Entre 2000 y 2010 hubo un aumento de casi cinco veces en la incidencia de pacientes que han sufrido lesiones de la columna debido a los accidentes de motocicleta. Más de la mitad (51,4%) tuvo lesiones de la columna cervical, el 37,2% tenían lesión en la columna torácica y el 11,4%, en la lumbar. Sólo el 34,3% de los pacientes no tuvieron déficit neurológico al ingreso y los pacientes con fractura de la columna torácica tuvieron una mayor incidencia y severidad de la lesión de la médula espinal. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 30 años. Conclusiones: El aumento de la incidencia de lesiones en la columna debido a los accidentes de motocicleta se produjo en el mismo período en que hubo un aumento en las ventas de motocicletas en el país. Los pacientes que han sufrido esas lesiones eran jóvenes, con mayor incidencia en los niveles cervicales y torácicos y altas tasas de déficit neurológico.

Incidence of vertebral fractures in calcium and vitamin D-supplemented postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteopenia or osteoporosis: data from Arzoxifene Generations Trial

ABSTRACT Objective Vertebral fracture is the most common osteoporotic fracture, affecting quality of life and increasing mortality. Epidemiological data on incidence of vertebral fracture are scarce in Brazil and throughout Latin America. Our aim was to determine vertebral fracture incidence and risk factors in a female Brazilian population. Subjects and methods Postmenopausal women with low bone mass were studied from the Brazilian placebo group of Arzoxifene Generations Trial (n = 974), followed for up to 5 years. The primary endpoint was new vertebral fractures, detected by X-Ray. Experimental design defined two strata: A. Osteoporosis or previous vertebral fracture with osteopenia; B. Osteopenia without previous fracture. Previous fracture, T-score, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and glucose were analyzed at baseline. Crude and adjusted incidence rates of vertebral fractures were estimated and Poisson regression model was used. Results Incidence rate was 7.7 (95% CI of 5.4 to 10.9) per 1,000 person-years (PY), increasing as a function of age. Women with new vertebral fractures had higher prevalence of previous nonvertebral fracture after menopause, were older and had lower lumbar spine (LS) T-score. Fracture risk increased by 46% for each unit reduction in LS T-score. Variables correlated with new vertebral fracture were age (p = 0.034), LS T-score, stratum A (p = 0.001 for both) and previous nonvertebral fracture after menopause (p = 0.019). In the final model, LS T-score was the strongest predictor. Conclusions Incidence rate of vertebral fracture of 7.7 per 1,000 PY. Age and previous fractures were associated with new vertebral fracture, but LS T-score was the most important predictor.

Trends of Incidence, Mortality, and Future Projection of Spinal Fractures in Korea Using Nationwide Claims Data

Spinal fractures have been recognized as a major health concern. Our purposes were to evaluate the trends in the incidence and mortality of spinal fractures between 2008 and 2012 and predict the number of spinal fractures that will occur in Korea up to 2025, using nationwide data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). A nationwide data set was evaluated to identify all new visits to medical institutes for spinal fractures in men and women aged 50 years or older between 2008 and 2012. The incidence, mortality rates and estimates of the number of spinal fractures were calculated using Poisson regression. The number of spinal fractures increased over the time span studied. Men and women experienced 14,808 and 55,164 vertebral fractures in 2008 and 22,739 and 79,903 in 2012, respectively. This reflects an increase in the incidence of spinal fractures for both genders (men, 245.3/100,000 in 2008 and 312.5/100,000 in 2012; women, 780.6/100,000 in 2008 and 953.4/100,000 in 2012). The cumulative mortality rate in the first year after spinal fractures decreased from 8.51% (5,955/69,972) in 2008 to 7.0% (7,187/102,642) in 2012. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of spinal fractures at 1 year post-fracture was higher in men (7.76, 95% CI: 7.63-7.89) than in women (4.70, 95% CI: 4.63-4.76). The total number of spinal fractures is expected to reach 157,706 in 2025. The incidence of spinal fractures increased in Korea in the last 5 years, and the socioeconomic burden of spinal fractures will continue to increase in the near future.

Treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures in pediatric patients / Tratamento das fraturas toracolombares instáveis em pacientes pediátricos / Tratamiento de fracturas toracolumbares inestables en pacientes pediátricos

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of unstable thoracolumbar fractures in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with pediatric patients (0 to 15 years) who presented with unstable thoracolumbar fracture with or without neurological damage. Twenty-four operated patients were analyzed: 13 male and 11 female. Results: Falls from height are the most common cause, being the thoracolumbar junction the anatomical site most frequently injured. Conclusion: The thoracolumbar fractures are rare in the pediatric population, as well as post-surgical instrumentation structural deformities.

Objetivo: Analisar as características das fraturas toracolombares instáveis na população pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo com pacientes pediátricos (0 a 5 anos) que apresentaram fratura toracolombar instável com e sem dano neurológico. Foram analisados 24 pacientes operados: 13 homens e 11 mulheres. Resultados: Quedas de altura são a causa mais comum, sendo a junção toracolombar o local anatômico mais frequentemente atingido. Conclusão: As fraturas toracolombares são raras na população pediátrica, assim como as deformidades estruturais depois de instrumentação cirúrgica.

Objetivo: Analizar las características de las fracturas toracolumbares inestables en la población pediátrica. Métodos: Se realizo un estudio transversal retrospectivo de pacientes pediátricos (0 a 15 años) que presentaron fractura toracolumbar inestable con y sin daño neurológico. Se analizaron 24 pacientes operados: 13 masculinos y 11 femeninos. Resultados: Las caídas de altura son la causa más común, siendo la unión toracolumbar el sitio anatómico más frecuentemente lesionado. Conclusión: Las fracturas toracolumbares son raras en la población pediátrica, así como las deformidades estructurales posteriores a la instrumentación quirúrgica.

Vertebral fractures in patients treated for femur proximal third fractures / Fraturas vertebrais em pacientes tratados de fraturas do terço proximal do fêmur / Fracturas vertebrales en pacientes tratados por fracturas del tercio proximal del fémur

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of fractures of the vertebral bodies in patients with femur proximal third fracture. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital de Clínicas, Unicamp, SP, Brazil, between May and December 2012, which referred the patients with proximal femur fracture to radiographs of the spine. Fractures were evaluated according to number, severity and localization, applying the Genant index. RESULTS: Of the 15 subjects who completed the study, 14 had fractures of the vertebral bodies. The most commonly affected level was T8. There was no increased prevalence of fractures at the apex of the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. CONCLUSION: There is strong epidemiological association between femur proximal third fractures and fractures of vertebral bodies caused by insufficiency. .

OBJETIVO: Pesquisar a prevalência de fraturas dos corpos vertebrais em pacientes com fratura do terço proximal do fêmur. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, SP, Brasil, entre maio e dezembro de 2012, que submeteu os pacientes com fratura do terço proximal do fêmur a radiografias da coluna vertebral. As fraturas foram avaliadas segundo o número, a gravidade e a localização, aplicando-se o índice de Genant. RESULTADOS: Dos 15 sujeitos que concluíram o estudo, 14 tinham fraturas dos corpos vertebrais. O nível mais comumente acometido foi o T8. Não se observou maior prevalência de fratura no ápice da cifose torácica e da lordose lombar. CONCLUSÃO: Existe forte associação epidemiológica entre fraturas do terço proximal do fêmur e fraturas de corpos vertebrais causadas por insuficiência. .

OBJETIVO: Investigar la prevalencia de las fracturas de los cuerpos vertebrales en pacientes con fractura del tercio proximal del fémur. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en el Hospital de Clínicas, Unicamp, SP, Brazil, entre mayo y diciembre de 2012, en el cual, los pacientes con fractura del tercio proximal del fémur fueron sometidos a radiografías de la columna vertebral. Las fracturas se evaluaron de acuerdo con el número, la gravedad y la localización, aplicando el índice de Genant. RESULTADOS: De los 15 sujetos que completaron el estudio, 14 tenían fracturas de los cuerpos vertebrales. El nivel más afectado fue T8. No hubo aumento de la prevalencia de fracturas en el vértice de la cifosis torácica y lordosis lumbar. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una fuerte asociación epidemiológica entre las fracturas del tercio proximal del fémur y las fracturas de los cuerpos vertebrales causadas por insuficiencia. .

Epidemiology of traumatic spinal injuries in Brazil: systematic review / Epidemiologia do trauma raquimedular no Brasil: revisão sistemática

Prevention remains the most effective way to reduce the burden of spinal injuries (SI). Estimating the incidence and causes of SI is essential for the development of prevention programs. To reveal the current state of Brazilian ST epidemiology. To evaluate the current state of Brazilian SI epidemiology, we performed an electronic search using the Lilacs database (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Fifteen papers and one unsubmitted ongoing study (BH project) reported the epidemiologic status of ST in Brazil. The mean age of SI patients was 34,75 years, and 84% of patients were male. The most commonly affected segment was the cervical spine (36.65%). The incidence ranged from 16 to 26 patients per million per year (average 21 per million per year). The average rate of complete spinal cord injury among five papers was 34%. The average mortality in four papers was 11.58%. Analyzing published national epidemiological data enables the estimation of the current state of Brazilian SI epidemiology.

A prevenção continua a ser a forma mais eficaz de reduzir o ônus das lesões na coluna vertebral (TRM). A estimativa da incidência e das causas do TRM é essencial para o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção. Para revelar os dados epidemiológicos do TRM no Brasil, foi realizada uma busca eletrônica utilizando o banco de dados Lilacs (Literatura do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde da América Latina e Caribe). Quinze artigos publicados em um estudo em andamento (projeto BH) relataram a situação epidemiológica do TRM no Brasil. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34,75 anos; 84% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. O segmento vertebral mais afetado foi a coluna cervical (36,65%). A incidência variou de 16 a 26 pacientes por milhão por ano (média de 21 por milhão por ano). A média de lesão medular completa entre cinco trabalhos que descreveram a variável foi de 34%. A média de mortalidade em quatro trabalhos foi de 11,58%. A análise dos trabalhos permite estimar os dados epidemiológicos nacionais, revelando sua distribuição e gravidade, possibilitando comparações com estudos futuros.

Osteoporosis en América Latina: revisión de panel de expertos / Osteoporosis in Latin America: panel expert review

Contexto: Latinoamérica se encuentra en una transición demográfica y epidemiológica, proceso que representa un aumento de las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. La osteoporosis y las fracturas por fragilidad se perfilan como una de las causas de carga por enfermedad de mayor impacto en el sector salud. Objetivo: ofrecer un panorama actualizado sobre las tendencias de la epidemiología de la osteoporosis y las fracturas por fragilidad, su impacto económico y los recursos con que actualmente cuenta nuestra región para el diagnóstico, tratamiento oportuno y prevención. Método: panel de expertos. Conclusión: se observó que la información epidemiológica y económica en nuestra región es escasa y fragmentada. Por lo tanto es deseable recolectar datos sobre la calidad de vida en la osteoporosis y fracturas por fragilidad, además de enfatizar la prevención como herramienta para disminuir estas lesiones.

Background. The Latin American region is undergoing a demographic and epidemiological transition, which is leading to an increase in chronic and degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis (OP) and fragility fractures (FF) are emerging as main causes of disease burden with great impact on health institutions. Purpose. This review article provides an updated overview of trends in the epidemiology and economic impact of OP and FF, as well as in diagnosis and available treatments in Latin America, including calcium, vitamin D and prevention programs. Methods. Expert panel. Conclusions. According to this review, there is a lack of epidemiological and economic information in the region. It is desirable to obtain information regarding quality of life in OP and FF as well as to highlight prevention as a tool to reduce FF.

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fraturas torácicas e lombares tratadas cirurgicamente no Serviço de Neurocirurgia do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (Brasília-Brasil) / Epidemiological profile of patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures surgically treated in Neurosurgery Service at Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (Brasília, Brazil)

Objetivos: Apresentar o perfil epidemiológico e os fatores de risco para déficit neurológico de 52 pacientes com fratura traumática da coluna torácica e lombar tratados cirurgicamente no Serviço de Neurocirurgia do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Trata-se de trabalho retrospectivo de pacientes com fratura da coluna torácica e lombar tratados cirurgicamente no período de julho de 2007 a julho de 2012. Resultados: Predomínio do sexo masculino (78,8%); faixa etária mais comum é 20-40 anos (57,6%); segmento fraturado: T1-T10 (19,2%), T11-L2 (61,5%), L3-L5 (19,3%); 48% dos indivíduos tinham déficit neurológico; fratura tipo A é mais comum (42,3%); mecanismo do trauma: acidente automobilístico (23%), queda de altura (42,3%), motociclístico (26,9%); predomínio da fratura tipo C no segmento torácico 45,4% e tipo A no lombar 63,3% (p < 0,01); déficit neurológico: torácico 81,8%, lombar 23,3% (p < 0,05); déficit neurológico toracolombar: tipo A 31,8%, tipo B 47,3%, tipo C 81,8% (p = 0,02). Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino e adulto jovem. Cerca de 48% apresentavam déficit à admissão hospitalar e tinham a junção T11-L2 como principal local de ocorrência. A fratura tipo A da AO foi mais encontrada entre as lesões lombares e a tipo C entre as torácicas. O principal mecanismo do trauma foram os acidente...

Objective: We present the epidemiological and risk factors for neurological deficit of 52 patients with traumatic fracture of the thoracic and lumbar spine were surgically treated in the neurosurgery service at the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brasília-Brazil. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine treated surgically in the period July 2007 to July 2012. Results: Predominantly male (78.8%) is the most common age group 20-40 years (57.6%); fractured segment: T1-T10 (19.2%), T11-L2 (61.5% ) L3-L5 (19.3%), 48% of subjects had neurologic deficit; fracture type A is the most common (42.3%), mechanism of injury: motor vehicle accidents (23%), falls (42.3%), motorcycle (26.9%); predominance of type C fractures in the thoracic segment (45.4%) inin lumbar type A (63.3%) (p < 0.01); neurological deficit: 81.8% thoracic, lumbar 23.3% (p < 0.05); neurologic deficit thoracolumbar: 31.8% type A, type B 47.3% and 81.8% type C (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Most patients were male and young adult. About 48% had deficits on admission and had the junction T11-L2 as the main place of occurrence. The fracture of AO type A was more frequently found among back injury and type C between chest. The main mechanism of injury were traffic accidents. Chest injuries and type C fractures are risk factors for neurological injury...

Estudo epidemiológico das fraturas de coluna em centro de referência para patologia espinhal no Paraná / Epidemiological study of spine fractures at a referral center for spinal disease in Parana

Objetivo: Realizar um estudo epidemiológico das fraturas de coluna ocorridas no período de março de 2007 até dezembro de 2011 em um centro de referência para patologia espinhal. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes submetidos a tratamento neurocirúrgico para artrodese da coluna vertebral por causa de patologia traumática, realizada de março de 2007 até dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram compilados a partir do setor de arquivo médico do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba (HUEC). Os elementos encontrados foram analisados observando-se as variáveis idades, sexo, o nível e a vértebra mais acometida. Resultados: Dos 104 pacientes submetidos a tratamento neurocirúrgico visando à artrodese por causa de fratura de coluna, houve uma predominância considerável do sexo masculino, com 73,07% (76). A média de idade na data do procedimento cirúrgico foi de 38,08 anos. A idade mínima registrada foi de12 anos e a máxima, de 73 anos. Houve predomínio das fraturas em coluna lombar de 59,61% (62) dos casos. O corpo de L1 foi mais acometido (30,76%). Conclusão: Há escassez de trabalhos epidemiológicos no que se refere à patologia traumática da coluna vertebral. A falta de dados em nosso país dificulta a elaboração de medidas preventivas que respeitem as características regionais, vislumbrando um melhor manejo dessa patologia que atinge, em sua maior parte, a população economicamente ativa, gerando prejuízos crescentes ao sistema de saúde.

Objective: To conduct an epidemiological study of spine fractures in the period from March 2007 until December 2011 in a referral center for spinal pathology. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment for arthrodesis of the spine due to traumatic pathology, held from March 2007 until December 2011. Data were compiled from the medical file of the sector Evangelical Hospital of Curitiba (HUEC). The items found were analyzed observing the variables age, sex, level and most affected vertebra. Results: Of 104 patients who underwent neurosurgical intervention aimed arthrodesis due spine fracture, there was a significant predominance in males, with 73.07% (76). The mean age at the time of surgery was 38.08 years. The minimum age recorded was 12 years and maximum 73 years. There was a predominance of fractures in the lumbar spine 59.61% (62) of cases. L1 body was the most affected (30.76%). Conclusion: There is a shortage of epidemiological studies in relation to the pathology of traumatic spinal cord. The lack of data in our country hampers the development of preventive measures that respect the regional characteristics, envisioning a better management of this disease that affects, for the most part, economically active population causing increasing damage to the health system.

Injuries sustained after falls from bridges across the United State - Mexico border at El Paso / Traumatismos por caídas desde puentes que atraviesan la frontera entre México y los Estados Unidos en El Paso

Objective. To compare demographics and motivations for falls from bridges at the UnitedStates–Mexico border and in El Paso County, Texas, and to analyze injuries and injury patternsto support intentionality and to provide treatment recommendations.Methods. A retrospective observational review was conducted of hospital admissions to atrauma center after falls from bridges from 1995 to 2009. Statistical methods used were chisquaretesting, T-test for means comparison, univariate correlations, and regression analysis.Results. Of the 97 evaluated patients, 81.4% fell from U.S.–Mexico border bridges, includingone patient who fell from a railway bridge; 74.7% of those falling from border bridges hada non–U.S. address, contrasting with 22.2% of those who fell within the United States. Fallsover the border were associated with more immigration-related motivations and fewer suicideattempts. Injuries included lower extremities in 76 (78.4%) and thoracolumbar spine in 27(27.8%) patients; 16 patients with a thoracolumbar spine fracture (59.3%) also had a lowerextremity injury. Mean hospital length of stay was 7.2 days. Mean injury severity score was8.45 (range 1–43). Age, injury severity score, and pelvic fracture increased the hospital lengthof stay.Conclusions. Patients fell while emigrating–immigrating based on residence and motivatingfactors. A dyad of lower extremity and thoracolumbar spine injuries coincided in 59.3% ofthose with a thoracolumbar spine injury; thoracolumbar spine imaging of patients evaluatedafter falls from bridges is recommended. Proposed prevention strategies include posting signson bridges and installing catch-net safety barriers.

Objetivo. Comparar la información demográfica y las motivaciones relacionadascon las caídas desde puentes que atraviesan la frontera entre México y los EstadosUnidos en el condado de El Paso, Texas; analizar las lesiones y los patrones de lesionesque avalan la intencionalidad; y proporcionar recomendaciones terapéuticas.Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un examen retrospectivo observacional de las internacionesen un centro traumatológico debidas a caídas desde puentes que tuvieron lugarentre 1995 y el 2009. Los métodos estadísticos usados fueron la prueba de ji al cuadrado,la prueba T de comparación de medias, correlaciones de una sola variable y elanálisis de regresión.Resultados. De los 97 pacientes evaluados, 81,4% cayeron desde puentes ubicadosen la frontera México–Estados Unidos, incluido un paciente que cayó desde unpuente ferroviario; 74,7% de las personas que cayeron desde puentes fronterizostenían un domicilio no residente, en comparación con 22,2% en las personas que cayerondesde puentes ubicados en el interior de los Estados Unidos. Las caídas desdelos puentes fronterizos estaban asociadas con más motivaciones relacionadas con lainmigración y con menos intentos de suicidio. Las lesiones afectaban las extremidadesinferiores en 76 pacientes (78,4%) y la columna vertebral toracolumbar en 27 (27,8%);16 pacientes con fractura de la columna toracolumbar (59,3%) también presentabanlesión de las extremidades inferiores. La duración media de la hospitalización fue 7,2días. La puntuación media de gravedad de la lesión fue 8,45 (rango 1 a 43). Una mayoredad, una puntuación alta en la escala de gravedad de la lesión y la fractura pelvianaaumentaron la duración de la hospitalización.Conclusiones. Los pacientes cayeron durante un intento de emigración o inmigraciónrelacionado con la residencia y otros factores motivadores. En 59,3% de lospacientes con lesión de la columna vertebral toracolumbar esta coexistía con lesiónde las extremidades inferiores; al evaluar a pacientes con lesiones por caídas desdepuentes se recomienda efectuar estudios de imágenes de la columna vertebral toracolumbar.Las estrategias de prevención propuestas comprenden la colocación deseñales en los puentes y la instalación de redes de seguridad.

Prevalência de fraturas vertebrais e fatores de risco em mulheres com mais de 60 anos de idade na cidade de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil / Prevalence of vertebral fractures and risk factors in women over 60 years of age in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Fraturas são o principal agravo relacionado à fragilidade óssea na pós-menopausa, representando aumento de risco de novas fraturas, mortalidade e custos. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a ocorrência de fratura vertebral por fragilidade e relacioná-la com fatores demográficos, comportamentais e clínicos em uma população brasileira. Foi feito um estudo transversal com seleção por amostragem aleatória estratificada de mulheres idosas residentes em Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 186 mulheres brancas com idade acima de 60 anos. Destas, 48,9 por cento tinham fraturas vertebrais assintomáticas, com maiores prevalências em T11-12 e L4-5. Na análise ajustada, observa-se que existe gradiente entre idade e fratura vertebral, chegando a ser 2,3 vezes maior a prevalência de fraturas entre as mulheres com idade superior a 80 anos. As sedentárias apresentaram prevalência de fratura 1,44 vez maior do que as não sedentárias. Devido à alta prevalência de fraturas vertebrais encontrada, sugerimos a realização de radiografia de coluna para mulheres idosas para rastreamento e prevenção de agravos.

Fractures are the main problems related to bone fragility in postmenopausal women and account for the increase in the risk of new fractures, mortality, and costs. This study's objective was to verify the occurrence of vertebral fragility fracture and correlate it with demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors in a Brazilian population. The cross-sectional study was based on a random sample of elderly women living in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The sample consisted of 186 white women over 60 years of age. Of these, 48.9 percent had asymptomatic vertebral fractures, with higher prevalence in T11-12 and L4-5. Adjusted analysis showed a gradient between age and vertebral fracture, while fracture prevalence was 2.3 times higher in women over 80 years. Fracture prevalence was 1.44 times higher in sedentary as compared to non-sedentary women. Due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures, the authors suggest the use of spinal x-rays in elderly women for fracture screening and prevention.

Avaliação epidemiológica das fraturas da coluna torácica e lombar dos pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Getúlio Vargas em Recife/PE / Evaluación epidemiológica de las fracturas de la columna torácica y lumbar de los pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Getúlio Vargas en Recife/PE / Epidemiological evaluation of the thoracic and lumbar spine fractures of patients treated in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Service at Hospital Getúlio Vargas in Recife/PE

INTRODUÇÃO: as fraturas da coluna torácica e lombar estão se tornando mais frequentes, devido ao aumento dos acidentes de alta energia. Elas apresentam um elevado índice de morbidade e mortalidade, acarretando grandes prejuízos socioeconômicos. OBJETIVO: analisar a epidemiologia das fraturas torácicas e lombares de pacientes atendidas no Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Getúlio Vargas em Recife (PE). MÉTODOS: este estudo é uma análise epidemiológica dos pacientes com fraturas da coluna torácica e lombar, admitidos na emergência do Hospital Getúlio Vargas no período de 1º de novembro de 2007 a 30 de abril de 2008. Foram admitidos 42 pacientes com fraturas da coluna torácica e lombar, perfazendo um total de 54 vértebras fraturadas. RESULTADOS: observou-se que as fraturas da coluna torácica e lombar foram mais frequentes no gênero masculino, com uma média de idade de 39 anos. As quedas de altura foram responsáveis por 61,9 por cento dos casos, seguida dos acidentes com motos (19,05 por cento). Lesões neurológicas estiveram presentes em 14,28 por cento dos casos e o tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado em 50 por cento deles. CONCLUSÃO: as fraturas da coluna torácica e lombar, no presente estudo, foram frequentes nos adultos jovens, do gênero masculino, trabalhadores e causadas por queda de altura.

BACKGROUND: thoracic and lumbar fractures have been more frequent, due to the increase of energy accidents. It causes a high index of morbidity and mortality and economical and social damage. Objective: to analyze the epidemiology of thoracic and lumbar fractures in patients attended at the Hospital Getúlio Vargas, in Recife (Pernambuco). METHODS: this study is an epidemiological analysis of the thoracic and lumbar fractures in patients, who were admitted at the emergency room of Hospital Getúlio Vargas in the period between November 1st of 2007 and April 30th of 2008. Forty-two patients were admitted with thoracic and lumbar fractures, they had a total of fifty-four vertebral fractures. RESULTS: thoracic and lumbar fractures were more often in men. The average age was 39 years old. The most frequently lesion mechanism was injuries from falls (61.9 percent), followed by motorcycle accidents (19.05 percent). Neurological injuries occurred in 14.28 percent of the cases and 50 percent of the patients needed surgery. CONCLUSION: thoracic and lumbar fractures, in the present study, were more frequent in men, young adults, workers and they were caused by high falls.

INTRODUCCIÓN: las fracturas de la columna torácica y lumbar están más frecuentes debido al aumento de los accidentes de alta energía. Estas presentaron un índice elevado de morbilidad y mortalidad, acarreando grandes daños socioeconómicos. Objetivo: analizar la epidemiología de las fracturas torácicas y lumbares de pacientes atendidas en el Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Getúlio Vargas, en Recife (PE). MÉTODOS: este estudio es un análisis epidemiológico de los pacientes con fracturas de la columna torácica y lumbar, admitidos en la emergencia del Hospital Getúlio Vargas durante el periodo de 1 de noviembre de 2007 a 30 de abril de 2008. Fueron admitidos 42 pacientes con fracturas de la columna torácica y lumbar, haciéndose un total de 54 vértebras fracturadas. RESULTADOS: se observaron que las fracturas de la columna torácica y lumbar fueron más frecuentes en el género masculino, con una edad promedio de 39 años. Las caídas por altura fueron responsables por el 61,9 por ciento de los casos, seguida por accidentes con motos (19,05 por ciento). Lesiones neurológicas fueron en un 14,28 por ciento y el tratamiento quirúrgico fue realizado en 50 por ciento de los casos. CONCLUSIÓN: las fracturas de la columna torácica y lumbar, en el presente estudio, fueron frecuentes en los adultos jóvenes, del género masculino, trabajadores y fueron causadas por caída de una determinada altura.